The science

Built on 25,000+ peer-reviewed studies.

Profyls is a psychometric instrument, not a chatbot. Every score traces to a published framework. We never invent a metric. We compose them.

The 8 frameworks

The instruments we compose from.

LIWC-22

100 metrics

The standard for word-category psychology. 25,000+ peer-reviewed studies. Function-word and content-word categories.

Big 5

35 metrics

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism — population-normed Z-scores.

DISC

8 metrics

Behavioral style: Dominance, Influence, Steadiness, Conscientiousness — work-context calibrated.

SALLEE

16 metrics

Emotion model: Plutchik-style affect detection across 16 emotional dimensions.

Social Dynamics

8 metrics

Clout, authenticity, analytic thinking, power symmetry — relational signals.

Drives

15 metrics

Achievement, Affiliation, Power, Reward, Risk — McClelland-aligned motivational signals.

Needs & Values

18 metrics

Schwartz-aligned values map: Hedonism, Universalism, Tradition, Self-Direction, more.

Cognition + Temporal + Toxicity

22 metrics

Analytic thinking, cognitive load, temporal orientation, and ML-based toxicity scoring.

The observatory

180+ validated metrics.
One transparent system.

Every score traces to a published framework. No black boxes — admissible-ready, audit-friendly, and explainable to a judge, an HR partner, or a board.

TentativeNegationsSelf-focusOther-focusAuthenticCloutToneCognitiveInsightCausationDiscrepancyCertaintyDifferentiationAffiliationAchievementPowerRewardRiskPastPresentFutureTimeWorkLeisureHomeMoneyReligionDeathFunctionPronounArticlePrepositionConjunctionAdverbNegateVerbAuxVerbAdjectiveCompareInterrogNumberQuantifierAffectPosemoNegemoAnxietyAngerSadnessSocialFamilyFriendFemaleMaleBodyHealthSexualIngestionFillerJoyTrustFearSurpriseSadnessDisgustAngerAnticipationLoveOptimismSubmissionAweDisapprovalRemorseContemptAggressivenessOpennessConscientiousnessExtraversionAgreeablenessNeuroticismImaginationArtisticEmotionalAdventureIntellectLiberalSelf-EfficacyOrderlinessDutifulnessAchievement-StrivingSelf-DisciplineCautiousnessFriendlinessGregariousnessAssertivenessActivity LevelExcitement-SeekingCheerfulnessTrustMoralityAltruismCooperationModestySympathyAnxietyAngerDepressionSelf-ConsciousnessImmoderationVulnerabilityDominanceInfluenceSteadinessConscientiousnessD-RiskI-OptimismS-PatienceC-PrecisionCloutAuthenticityEmotional ToneAnalyticPower SymmetryAffiliation SignalSocial ReferenceStatus MarkersAchievementAffiliationPowerRewardRiskRecognitionAutonomyCuriosityOrderIndependenceAcceptanceStatusSavingTranquilityHonorHedonismStimulationSelf-DirectionUniversalismBenevolenceTraditionConformitySecurityAchievementPowerCuriosityFamilyRomanceIdealismLibertyPracticalityStabilityStructureAnalytic ThinkingCognitive LoadInsightCausationDiscrepancyTentativeCertaintyDifferentiationCategoricalDynamicPast FocusPresent FocusFuture FocusTime OrientationPacingUrgencyToxicitySevere ToxicityIdentity AttackInsultThreatProfanity

From text to score

How a Profyls score is actually made.

No black box. Every score traces token-by-token back to a published framework.

1 · Tokenize

Text is segmented into tokens against LIWC-22 dictionaries plus 6 sister lexicons.

2 · Score

Each framework runs independently — no model is allowed to overwrite another's signal.

3 · Compose

Vertical playbooks compose framework outputs into the metrics your work actually uses.

4 · Cite

Every score links back to the framework, the version, the lexicon, and the tokens it counted.

Boundaries we draw

What Profyls is — and isn't.

What it is

  • • A psychometric instrument built from peer-reviewed frameworks.
  • • A measurement layer for high-stakes language.
  • • A prep tool the professional reads before deciding.
  • • Audit-friendly, citation-friendly, Daubert-ready.

What it isn't

  • • Not a diagnostic device. Not a verdict. Not a clinical decision.
  • • Not a lie detector. Not a "personality test."
  • • Not a substitute for clinical, legal, or fiduciary judgment.
  • • Not training data for someone else's model. Ever.

Ethics & privacy

Your data is the work.
Not the product.

We never train on customer data. We never share across tenants. We delete on demand. Every vertical is audited for the compliance regime it actually lives under.

Security

SOC 2 Type II. End-to-end encrypted in transit and at rest. SSO + SCIM available.

Privacy

Zero data training. Per-tenant isolation. PII minimization by default.

Compliance

HIPAA-aligned (BAA available). GDPR/CCPA. ABA Model Rule 1.6. EEOC-aware scoring for hiring.

Auditability

Every score links to the framework, the tokens it counted, and the version of the model.

How we validate

Every metric earns its spot — three ways.

We don't ship a scoring category until it clears construct, criterion, and population validity. The same standard academic psychology has used for a century.

1

Construct validity

Does the metric actually measure the thing it claims? Tested against established scales (NEO-PI for Big 5, PANAS for affect, Schwartz Value Survey for values) on >50K texts per construct.

2

Criterion validity

Does it predict the outcome that matters? Hedging language → clinical drop-out. Power asymmetry → deal failure. Conviction → founder follow-on funding. Receipts on file.

3

Population validity

Does it hold across gender, age, region, register, and language? Adverse-impact audited; cohort norms published in our admin console for every customer.

Why not just GPT?

Sentiment is a vibe. Psychometrics is a measurement.

CapabilityGeneric LLM / sentiment APIProfyls
OutputFree-text summary or a single polarity score189 trace-able metrics across 8 peer-reviewed frameworks
ReproducibilityDifferent result per prompt, per model versionDeterministic — same text, same score, every time
Auditability'The model said so'Token-level receipts, framework citations, lexicon version pinned
Validity evidenceWhatever the eval set coversConstruct, criterion, and population validation per metric
Admissibility / regulator-readinessBlack-box riskDaubert-ready documentation; SOC 2; HIPAA BAA available
PrivacyOften trains on your dataZero data training. Single-tenant on Firm tier.

The literature

Standing on 25,000+ studies. Here's a working sample.

LIWC-22

Boyd, R.L., Ashokkumar, A., Seraj, S., & Pennebaker, J.W. (2022). The development and psychometric properties of LIWC-22. University of Texas at Austin.

Drop-out prediction

Pulverman, C.S. et al. (2017). Language use and treatment engagement in psychotherapy. Journal of Counseling Psychology.

Deception

Newman, M.L., Pennebaker, J.W., Berry, D.S., & Richards, J.M. (2003). Lying words: Predicting deception from linguistic styles. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.

Status & clout

Kacewicz, E., Pennebaker, J.W., Davis, M., Jeon, M., & Graesser, A.C. (2014). Pronoun use reflects standings in social hierarchies. JLSP.

Cognitive load

Jordan, K.N. et al. (2019). Examining long-term trends in politics and culture through language of political leaders and cultural institutions. PNAS.

Big 5 from text

Mairesse, F., Walker, M.A., Mehl, M.R., & Moore, R.K. (2007). Using linguistic cues for the automatic recognition of personality. JAIR.

Full bibliography (240+ citations) available on request for academic, clinical, and litigation use.

What you can actually measure

Twelve signals that change the call you make next.

Authenticity

Rehearsed-vs-real signal across pronouns, function words, and verb tense.

Clout

Social-hierarchy positioning — who's the high-status voice in the room?

Analytic thinking

Formal, hierarchical reasoning vs. narrative/here-and-now.

Cognitive load

Story strain — predicts collapse under cross-examination or follow-up.

Tentativeness

Hedging, qualifiers, may/might/could — bluff vs. conviction.

Power symmetry

Two-party balance of clout — predicts deal viability and co-founder fit.

Achievement drive

McClelland-aligned builder energy from action and goal language.

Affiliation drive

Belonging signal — community-led behavior, relationship preservation.

Risk orientation

Self-direction vs. security on Schwartz's value axis.

Emotional register (SALLEE)

16 Plutchik-style affect channels — beyond pos/neg.

Temporal focus

Past/present/future orientation — predicts action vs. rumination.

Toxicity

ML-scored language toxicity for moderation and risk routing.

Where the science is — and isn't — settled.

  • Strong: Function-word patterns, hedging, clout, analytic thinking, basic affect, temporal focus, drive signals.
  • Robust with caveats: Big 5 from text — directional accuracy is high in 5K+ token samples; thinner texts get directional reads only.
  • Use with care: Deception markers — best as a triage signal, never as a verdict. Toxicity — model output, not lexicon, so we publish the confidence band.
  • Off-limits: Clinical diagnosis. Verdict-style decisions. Anything we can't show our work for.
For builders

One API. All 189 metrics. Sub-second.

REST + streaming endpoints expose every framework Profyls is built on. Ship a CX intelligence layer, a fraud-language sweep, a clinical co-pilot — without rebuilding the scoring stack.

See API pricing
POST /v2/score
{
  "text": "Honestly, I just need a few more weeks to feel ready...",
  "frameworks": ["liwc", "big5", "drives", "sallee"]
}

→ {
  "liwc":   { "tentative": 4.21, "i": 6.8, "authentic": 71.3 },
  "big5":   { "openness": 0.62, "neuroticism": 0.71 },
  "drives": { "achievement": 0.34, "affiliation": 0.18 },
  "sallee": { "anxiety": 0.49, "joy": 0.04 }
}

Read the playbook for your work.

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